Testing the Hypothesis pt. 1

Concept: Meal prep service for working adult lunches 

2. Hypothesis:

Families in the United States are busier than ever before and often fall into the trap of eat out for many meals. Although restaurants are making strides toward healthier options, they are significantly more expensive than unhealthy options and are often not feasible. We have meal services for dinners (ie. Blue Apron, Hello Fresh) but nothing for lunches.

The who: Families in the United States

The what: They are eating out for lunch daily, out of convenience, not desire

The why: They do not have time to prepare the food themselves

3. Hypothesis Boundaries:

Busy families, namely those with two working parents, do not have the time to prepare healthy lunches for themselves and their families daily and resort to eating fast food. There are probably adults who would use this service even if they were not working, as it would save time and still allow them to cook a bit. Adults without children (or without children at home) may also benefit for the convenience of this. Meal prep kits can often be used to encourage people who follow a stricter diet as well to stay on track. 

I believe lunches are the only area that has not been addressed by other meal prep services. Many have already accomplished dinner. Lunches, however, are a different need as they may be able to be done in batches to separate meals for people who are apart during the day and then return home for dinner. 

Some may avoid packing lunches because they dislike cooking or are intimidated by cooking. Those who live alone may struggle to find the ingredients to make healthy food for themselves without the fresh ingredients going to waste. 

4. Potential Clients:

Susan Bach has no children and works full-time as a paralegal. She says she often packs her lunch for work to avoid having to leave her desk and during her lunch break. Although this is her intention, she often does not pack enough food to keep her satisfied and ultimately leaves to go grab something from the cafeteria in her office building. She believes she packs relatively healthy foods to eat every day but often just grabs the leftovers from dinner the night before. In general, she will cook as a means to an end but does not particularly like it and ideally would prefer to spend less than 30 minutes cooking each meal. 

Glen Barnes has adult children and works full time as a business owner. He drives all day for work and never packs any food for lunch, instead he makes a stop somewhere along his drive. He is not a picky eater and often makes his meal choice based on convenience. He does not like cooking very much but values eating good food and often spends more money than he would like to by eating out all the time. He also would like to make an effort towards healthier meals than he currently eats. He currently does use meal kit services for dinner and has been very satisfied. These kits have allowed his family to cook at home without the stress of meal planning or picking out all the ingredients necessary. He also enjoys that it does not waste as much fresh food as they did when they would purchase groceries on their own. He was unconcerned about the price of these kits— they have been “well worth it” to his family.

Caitlyn Parente is a full time college student with no children. She is busy on campus all day, everyday and often struggles to eat midday, as that would require stopping her day to find food. She frequently misses this meal out of the hassle that it is to make a decision about what and where to eat lunch. She is neutral about cooking, often finding it an overwhelming project to begin. Her family has used a meal prep service occasionally to learn new recipes after getting themselves in a self-proclaimed “food rut”. She does not adopt these practices for herself as it does not fit in her budget to purchase these kits. She also cooks for one person typically and finds that ingredients often get wasted, which bothers her both ethically and financially. 

Angie Stevenson is a mother of two and works full-time. She feels easily stressed by cooking but credits that to the time of day that she usually is in the kitchen— in the morning before work as she packs lunches for her children and in the evenings after work rushing to get dinner on the table. She does occasionally spend some time on Sunday to prepare various dishes for the week and finds that this can help her stay on track with eating healthier meals, if she has the time to do it. She normally eats lunch at her desk in her office and will either pack something or grab food from a quick-serve restaurant near the office. She knows a few Registered Dietitians personally and their recipes and tips are helpful to her. She does not use the meal service kits often, just fulfilled her trial and canceled. Although she enjoyed the simplicity, the cost per person for her family of four did not seem very worth it to her. 

Megan Lonergan is a mother of a young child and works full time as a surgical technician. She enjoys cooking and trying new recipes but does not have the time for it that she used to. She works long shifts at the hospital, usually 12 hours, and on those days packs all three of her meals. Although this is only a few days per week, the planning for that is cumbersome and she often is disappointed with what she has brought with her once meal times rolls around. Her breaks are very structured and does not allow her to time to leave and grab something else to eat, except for the hospital cafeteria that she does not have interest in eating at. Her husband also works nontraditional hours at a logistics manager for a manufacturing company, and leaves the house well before her. She does not know what he does for his midday meal but believes he likely eats out and brings some snack style foods. She does have dietary restrictions that have encouraged her to get better about cooking at home as eating out can be difficult.

5. Opportunity Reflection:

This opportunity is more widespread than I had originally thought, as I find many people are interested in the concept and people are all very familiar with meal prep kits as is. In hearing how these potential customers have interacted with the existing services, it seems that people often use their membership trial and then cancel after the promotional offer has been used. I am not very surprised many people are moderately interested in cooking but more often are frustrated by the process. I also had not thought that people may just skip the meal altogether to avoid finding something worthwhile to eat or to avoid having to leave their office on busy days. My assumption was that the “worst case scenario” was picking up inexpensive but unhealthy food.

Identifying Opportunities in Economic & Regulatory Trends

1. Redesigning an Airfryer that does not omit an awful smell (Economic)
2. I found the opportunity by searching on Amazon for best selling kitchen products, noticing many air fryers were in the best sellers list and then refining the search to include simply one star reviews.
3. It is clear from both the overwhelming review response and my own personal experience that this is a large problem for many people. As the Airfryer is a kitchen gadget, customers may be extra sensitive to the smell surrounding the use of the product in a way that isn't always there with, for example, a vacuum cleaner. 
4. The target customer for an Airfryer is likely someone with a more “American” eating style in that they enjoy fried foods, however they are also health conscious (whether by choice or by necessity) and wand a cleaner option. These customers likely have a moderate disposable income. Often times, women are also particularly drawn to kitchen appliances, though this is not always the case. 
5. This would be a difficult opportunity to exploit in design, as it may infringe on patents and I have no knowledge of the appliance as is. I do think that there is a large market for this product as there are many people who love the product as is and this seems like it would be a welcomed change for the current users while also attracting the attention of customers who specifically disliked this product for this reason.
6. I believe I noticed the opportunity because I also noticed the smell when my family purchased this appliance. Although I have continued to use it, I resonated with the people in the comments section who noted this as their reason for not continuing. I also was a Nutritional Sciences major for my first few years at UF and am conscious about healthier cooking alternatives. 

1. A protective sleeve to place a disposable face mask in
2. In searching on Amazon bestsellers, it is clear that disposable face mask are incredibly popular, and necessary, in relation to the current COVID pandemic. 
3. I believe that this specific opportunity exists as many of the reviews articulate that the masks are overpriced. Although there absolutely are reusable masks that exist already, often they are difficult, if not impossible, to clean and are rather expensive. More ideally, one could use a disposable mask for a few days by placing it in a carrying case. As masks are required in many areas, they will maintain their demand for quite some time. 
4. I believe the target customer of this product is a civilian who is wearing a mask in and out of their place of business, to the store etc. NOTE: This would not be of use to anyone who needs medical grade personal protection equipment.
5. I do not believe this would be a difficult opportunity to exploit in that there is so much demand for masks currently and the design would likely not be very difficult. It would serve a small niche of people who experience this problem and would likely need to have a low price point in order to hold interest.
6. I believe I noticed this opportunity specifically because I am often disturbed by pulling out a face mask that has not been protected out of a larger purse or bag. I also have not exposed to COVID, or other infectious diseases, so I am more concerned with not wasting masks than I am with wearing a sterile mask. It does not bother me to rewear them.

1. A service to aid restaurants in getting their nutritional information online

2. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak and the strain on grocery stores to keep food stocked, the FDA has loosened regulations of food distribution packaging. Traditionally, restaurants would need to disclose their nutritional facts on any packaged food and foods labeled for distribution would need to be disclosed. I personally learned of this opportunity in the following article:

http://foodsafety.merieuxnutrisciences.com/2020/04/10/covid-19-disrupts-food-supply-channels-regulatory-changes-offer-new-opportunities/

3. I believe this specific opportunity exists because I see among friends and family the desire to know the content of their food, both prepared from a restaurant and any foods that are sold in a grocery store without proper labeling. Although many individuals would purchase the food regardless if they were concerned of going hungry, there would be a curiosity about the nutritional value that I believe would push people to seek out this information. 

4. I believe the target customer of this would be the grocery stores, who could entice customers to purchase loosely market food product by directing their concerns to a website with more nutritional information. In the case of a restaurant, restaurant owners would likely be interested in this service as they could use the information as long as the items on their menu exists (ie. even once the FDA requires labeling again).

5. I believe this may be a more difficult opportunity to exploit as it would require proving to stores that they need such a service. However, I believe that customers would appreciate this information, especially if they are purchasing loosely marked food products. 

6.I am likely to notice this opportunity because I have been quarantining in Michigan during this pandemic and our grocery stores have suffered greatly as a result of the pandemic. Back in March, grocery stores were rationing most items and today they still have limits on the purchase of meat and other products. It does not seem out of the realm of possibility to me that a grocery store would break up, for example, a carton of eggs and sell them individually to attempt to mitigate the chaos.

1. Takeout Cocktails

2. In response to COVID-19, many states have relaxed their laws against the sale of alcohol, namely, bars and restaurants can now sell alcoholic beverages made with liquor with takeout meals. This law has been relaxed in an effort to protect bars and restaurants that are hurting as a result of the stay home orders.

3. There is an opportunity for bars to sell a kit that includes all the ingredients required to make signature cocktails at home. For any basic recipes, this may not be profitable but for specific recipes or drinks that contain interesting ingredients, customers would likely support their local establishments. Additionally, “Zoom Happy Hour” or other similar gatherings are becoming more and more popular for friends to simulate happy hour while video chatting. These kits would provide an interesting talking point to an existing trend. 

4. The target customer of this would be likely the loyal customers of the bar or restaurant. Many people are looking for ways to support local businesses.

5. I believe this would be rather easy to exploit as the recipes are already created and likely already tested among patrons to determine what is popular. The establishment also likely has many of the ingredients on hand and would simply need the marketing to drum up orders as well as the packaging to assemble the kits

6. I noticed the opportunity because I had just recently discussed with a family member that other states are changing their liquor laws in response to the corona virus. This conversation has stuck with me also as my family has been making an effort to support our local restaurants during this time.

Identifying Local Opportunities - Assignment 5

Identifying Local Opportunities: Birmingham, Michigan

1. Sunscreen bill signed into law
2. https://www.candgnews.com/news/sunscreen-bill-signed-into-law-108932
3. Public Act 243 of 2018 releases schools from the liability of students who bring sunscreen and other FDA approved topical creams to school to apply. Previously, children needed a doctor’s note to bring and apply anything during school hours. This bill now allows schools to accept a parent’s note for permission to apply. 
4. This presents the opportunity for parents of an easily applied sunscreen product for children to use at school.Current sunscreen liquid is complicated and time consuming for a child to apply and heavy to carry around. Spray sunscreen, consequently also is now likely to be banned from elementary schools as children could recklessly spray this around. There is now an opportunity for a conveniently packaged, easy to apply sun protection product for children to do themselves. 
5. Parent’s of young children have this problem. It is also in the schools interested to know about these products, as they are involved to supervise the application process at school. Likely, the schools would not provide this product to students so they may not purchase.

1. Sleep: a whole new summer slide to worry about
2. https://www.candgnews.com/news/sleep-a-whole-new-summer-slide-to-worry-about-108875 
3. Detroit ranks worst in sleep, a recent study reveals, and summertime schedules are particularly difficult on children. Between the stimulation of long sunlight hours, a lack of structure without school, and rising temperatures, children are not getting the sleep that they need during the summer months. Experts provide that controlling light and temperature are some of the best ways to correct these patterns of behavior and encourage healthy sleep schedules.
4. There are a couple opportunities presented in this article such as black out curtains to block light, people to install black out curtains. Lightweight bedding may also be an opportunity here.
5. Parent’s of young children have this problem as well. Caregivers of children could also have this problem, ie. grandparents who watch the children, nannies or daycare providers. 

1. Drowning prevention is more than learning to swim
2. https://www.candgnews.com/news/-drowning-prevention-is-more-than-learning-to-swim-108851
3. In this article, local man reports that he drowned while winter surfing on Lake Michigan. According to the World Health Organization, drowning is defined as the respiratory distress that occurs due to immersion or submersion in liquid and these instances can be fatal, non fatal or non fatal with injury. As a result, occurrences are underreported every year, placing all of us at risk. This man describes that although he was a strong swimmer, he had the wind knocked out of him and was unable to fight the strength of the waves with heavy gear. 
4. The opportunities here are varying including: specialized training to promote water safety, lighter winter surfing gear, and more frequent patrols for lakes (Great Lakes and inland lakes). 
5. Arguably anyone who is around water frequently runs the risk of drowning. More specifically, anyone who lives on water, owns a pool, or likes water sports and boating. With respect to patrolling, individual counties and states suffer from this problem. 

1. Experts offer tips to protect homes during vacation
2. https://www.candgnews.com/news/experts-offer-tipsto-protect-homesduring-vacation-108721
3. With finicky weather for much of the year, many Michiganders take advantage of the summer months to make use of second homes and lake front properties. Often times, this means that people are away from one of their properties for much of the year. Home damage caused by fires and burglary are too major problems that arise from this lifestyle. Experts in this article offer many suggestions for preventative measures to take to reduce homeowners’ risks of these. 
4. An opportunity exists here for installing and providing camera’s on one’s porch. There is also an opportunity for a course or resource manual to provide to homeowners. Essentially, this would extrapolate on this article with expert advice.
5. All homeowners who frequently travel have this problem. 

1. Schools in Birmingham and West Bloomfield begin plans to partially reopen in fall
2.  https://www.candgnews.com/news/schools-in-birmingham-west-bloomfield-begin-plans-to-partially-reopen-in-fall-117571 
3. K-12 schools in Southeastern Michigan are now beginning to discuss how they plan to reopen for the fall semester, in response to the coronavirus pandemic. Although the schools transitioned to online learning for the remainder of the spring 2020 semester, they intend to, in some capacity, bring students back to campuses in the fall of 2020. As such, they are not looking for ways to limit contact between students, including limiting the contamination of equipment, desks etc. One suggestion is to make classrooms “hybrid”, offering students to come in only for a certain time of day, or specified days and then allowing the other students to come in.
4. The larges problem that schools face is sanitation. A specialized crew that could gain contracts to sterilize many schools on this “flip” method (with some students attending Monday and Tuesday, and others Thursday and Friday) may be able to fill a niche need. Additionally, there is an opportunity for immunity supporting vitamins, therapies and treatments for both the students and faculty at this time. 
5. Schools face the problem of how to prevent the spread of disease and parents/children face the problem of how to protect themselves with immune system support.

Bug List - Assignment 2

Bug List

1. I do not like pumping gas in the winter in Michigan because the wind whips too strongly outside of the car. This problem exists because there is not a buffer to the elements surrounding the gas pump, for example like the covering to a bus stop. 
2. I do not like the wait for coffee during the passing period at the Library West Starbucks on campus. There does not seem to be any way to modify the line to accommodate for the “rush” at certain times, for example mobile ordering as we wait in line to pay.
3. I do not like the TSA method of collecting bins at most international airports. The bins themselves are too heavy and too difficult to move multiple bins at one time once you have separated all of your belongings out into them.
4. I am bothered by the fact that many tube products, including shampoo/ conditioner bottles are a shape that traps product, making it impossible to get all the product out without diluting it with water. 
5. I can’t stand how avocados turn brown virtually as soon as they are cut. I have not found an appropriate way to preserve a cut avocado in the refrigerator.
6. Walking through an entire Ikea store to look for one item. The store is completely overwhelming if you are looking to track down one specific item.
7. When entering Brady’s Tavern, a local restaurant in Beverly Hills, MI, the approximation of waiting time to be seated is never accurate. It is faster to say you have fewer peopled then ask for an extra chair later. This appear to be because the servers do not know a realistic estimation of traffic patterns in a way that most other restaurants do. 
8. Often times the “family sharing” feature on Spotify does not register that two different people are listening at the same time. My music gets shut off if my sister tries to play at the same time. It seems that the profiles are faulty. 
9. There is no streamlined way when online shopping to try out promotion codes. I have to haphazardly google and then try to apply them, in which case most are expired. If there was a streamlined source to keep track of promotion codes based on what I was shopping for. 
10. I am frustrated by how quickly a cup of coffee cools off, however I do not want to use a travel coffee mug that is large and heavy like some of the popular brands ie. Yeti.
11. It is frustrating to find a way to bathe our large dog (a golden retriever) without messing up our house. In Michigan, much of the year this cannot be done outside. We are willing to actually clean her ourselves, as opposed to pay for a groomer, but we need the location to do so.
12. Shopping for jeans is difficult as every brand seems to have their own standards of measurement for what each “size” is. There has not been a universal system for pants sizing for women, where men’s are legitimately the dimensions of material.
13. Whenever my family wants to eat on our patio table, we must first scrub the table as it is covered in pollen and dirt. We struggle to use a cover on the table because it has an outside umbrella attached.
14. Although I love the look of our wooden deck/ porch, it is very difficult and expensive to maintain, as the stain doesn’t last long and it begins to splinter very quickly after only a couple seasons. It seems to need a shellac or coating of some sort to protect it. 
15. We love to use our fireplace but every time we do we get large stink bugs in the house. We cant close the chimney trap that would keep them out without trapping the carbon monoxide from the gas fireplace. Perhaps with a finer grate at the top of the chimney or frequent 
16. Getting a call into Florida Prepaid’s customer service line without a direct point of contact. There seems to be no way to have a “case manager” or someone that you may follow up with. Instead, we waste time catching up the new representative to speed at every call. I could be on the phone for hours and then have to reiterate my whole story. 
17. The garbage cans are difficult to steer once they are full with trash. I wonder if there is a different design on the bottom that would allow it to move more easily, similar to a four wheeled suitcase.
18.  I am bothered that although I need my phone to exercise with music, iPhones are now so heavy that they do not stay put in any arm band intended for fitness.
19. I am bothered that once one card is missing out of a deck of playing cards, the entire deck is obsolete. If there was a way to purchase individual cards, it could revive a whole deck. Instead, we have to throw them all away and purchase an entire new deck.
20. I am frustrated there is not a way to loan a copy of a book purchased for Kindle, the way that you can purchase and loan a physical copy of a book to a friend. It seems that there should be a way, without violating copyright laws, to “send” a friend your ebook for a certain time and then have it returned to your account. 

This exercise was much more difficult than I anticipated as I did not realize how many of the things that bother me actually have a legitimate solution that I have just chosen not to use, for whatever reason. Also, it was more difficult than I would have expected to find a potential reason why the problem occurs. Many of my problems I have learned in brainstorming are also "pet peeves" without any potential solution.

Forming an Opportunity Belief - Assignment 4

1)I believe that people would be more likely to engage in small house projects during a time of quarantine. 

2) In Southeastern Michigan, I believe that there is an unmet need for home improvement services and products. Although this need has always been present, I think that homeowners are becoming more aware of their desire for these services and associated products as they now have more time and energy to devote to projects themselves and the desire to invest in their homes, as it is more stable than the current stock market. I believe this impacts all homeowners with a moderate amount of disposable income, likely those who have either lived in their home for a while or purchased a place with the intention to fix certain aspects of their home. Currently, I believe these people are starting to think of projects they could attempt within quarantine and maybe starting to attempt these projects themselves. I am about 80% confident that this is a need that exists at this time.

3) Identify the prototypical customer. Homeowner, with moderate disposable income, employed. 

4) Iteration No. 1: Susan Bach, homeowner.

Susan has identified a few projects she would like do have done during quarantine. She now is working from home, spending more time in her den-turned-office space and is realizing that she would like a fresh coat of pain on the walls to brighten up her space. While not essential to the use of the space, this was a project she felt would be nice to have completed and would maybe encourage her to use this space following quarantine. She had not thought about this project before quarantine but decided it was a low investment and, once Home Depot was open, she would go and get the paint to do it herself. She says she is happy with her paint job but the work bothered her neck and back. She likely would have paid someone else to do this task. Because she owns a condo, she is not responsible for the maintenance of the outdoors and as such has very limited needs. 

Iteration No. 2: Polly Barnes, homeowner with 5 people in the home.

Polly does not have many home improvement projects she would like to invest in at the moment, due to concerns about the financial market. In fact, she has canceled the repaving of her driveway and approach as a result of the financial situation. She has been more focused on the exterior landscaping, although these were projects she anticipated doing already for the year. She purchased the plants earlier with her spare time than she did before. In regards to other projects she's anticipating doing, she dismisses that she has the money or interest in having any other work done.

Iteration No. 3: Terry Arnt, homeowner and contractor by trade.

During quarentine, Terry has decided to take on many projects that he has been putting off, such as purchasing an installing a new fence for his back yard and finishing the installation of an egress basement window. These projects were not new to him but the extra time of being home during quarantine has inspired him to start the projects now as they were not urgent. He acknowledges that, because he can do the work himself, he only needs to pay for the cost of materials and this may give him more leeway to start projects during a financially uncertain time. None of these projects were done with the intention of adding value to his home, however, they were done for aesthetic reasons. As a professional contractor, he comments that many people have been canceling jobs with the fear of having technicians in their homes during this time. Even jobs that have already been paid for are being delayed for weeks as clients do not want other people in their homes.

5) From my analysis, I notice that many of the projects that people are looking to have done are outdoors. Susan Bach mentioned a painting project but this may be due to the fact that she does not have an exterior to maintain at all. It seems that no one is viewing projects as an investment or means of financial security and, contrary, many people are worried about spending the money now while jobs are uncertain. It is also notable that whether for financial concern or for otherwise, many people are willing to do the labor of a project themselves, rather than hire specialists to do them.

7) I would suggest about half of my opportunity is still there. I believe that people are more than likely looking to spend money on materials for projects rather than spend money on labor or invite others into their homes at this time. As a result I think it is unlikely that people would take on any major home renovation (such as remodeling a kitchen or a bathroom), but would be willing to take on lower investment projects that they could labor themselves. 

Do you believe that your new opportunity is more accurate than when you started?

Yes, I believe this is more accurate than when I started because I failed to consider that people may be wary of anyone entering their home during a time of quarantine, even for necessary projects. Additionally, I have learned that many people do no view their homes as a worthwhile investment during financial turmoil. 

How much do you think entrepreneurs should 'adapt' their opportunities based on customer feedback? (In other words, is there a trade-off between adapting and staying firm?)

I think entrepreneurs should be very adaptable to their opportunity to incorporate as much customer feedback as possible. If the target market clearly understands what is being offered to them and they are disinterested, I think the opportunity likely does not exist and should be adapted. 

Your Entrepreneurship Story - Assignment 3

I was exposed to entrepreneurship at a very young age, as my father has owned and started multiple businesses. He currently owns and operates an ophthalmic equipment company that focuses on repairs for existing equipment, sales of both new and used equipment, and other smaller income streams providing light bulbs and batteries that operate these pieces of equipment. His industry is particularly interesting as it is equal parts sales of new equipment, purchasing used equipment and reselling that equipment to a third buyer. More specifically, clients with endowments, like University of Florida or the Cleveland Clinic, turn over their equipment every few years. But this specialized technology retains value for the length of its 15-25 year life span and is still very much of use to smaller private medical practices, who may not have the budgets for new equipment. My father compares this process to that of turning in a lease to the dealership to then be sold to another owner. Although this car is used, it is still likely in great condition. In this way, my father manages a large volume warehouse of inventory.

Prior to starting Sunshine Ophthalmic on his own, he operated a similar company with partners in Michigan. Before that, he was a sales representative for a stereo speaker distributer. He is truly an example to me of an entrepreneurial spirit, something I have learned to appreciate. While I am not quite the risk taker that he is, and likely would not chose a similar career path for that reason, he has always encouraged me that there are qualities to be learned in any business that will strengthen your career. Most notably, my father consistently demonstrated to me that in every job you are selling something whether it be your product, your services or your expertise. With that in mind, the quality of relationships with clients will make you notable to them for whatever it is that you do. If you can add value to whatever it is that you sell or provide, you will be able to sustain in a competitive market. 

Additionally, he has always proclaimed that diversifying income streams for a new business is key. In this way, he can become a “one-stop-shop” for customers as he can sell a piece of equipment, service is when anything goes wrong, and also sell the parts required for maintenance. For his business, these multiple income streams also can offer financial stability during a season of making more difficult sales. Although the bulbs and batteries are low in revenue, they have high profit margins that, with quick turnover, can buffer some of the  overhead costs associated with the business while waiting for other larger deals to settle out.

I enrolled in this course because I believe that, as Dr. Pryor describes, entrepreneurship is a skill set that can be applied to many different career paths. While may people associate it with being an “inventor”, it does not always have to be so restrictive. I think entrepreneurship often means someone who can embrace the many phases of their career and are adaptable to market changes by learning from each job they hold and using them to stay afloat financially. 

Fun fact: My father’s old business partner had sold this refractor to Justin Timberlake for this cover art!

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